Relationship between the attraction of participation methods with voluntary activities among volunteers of Red Crescent society of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2010

The process of attracting volunteers' participation is different from the past due to the increasing spread of science and technology, so appropriate actions should be taken in order to properly invite people to join voluntary activities. Because this research includes attitudes and practices of volunteers in Red Crescent society of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in form of volunteer groups, the results can be used for designing appropriate strategies in order to continue to attract public participation. This descriptive study was done on 400 volunteers in Red Crescent society of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2010. A Likert-style questionnaire was designed by the researchers. The questionnaire was composed of 40 questions. Independent variable namely attraction of public participation included three sub-scale [face to face methods, advertising techniques and making group techniques]; and dependent variable, i.e. voluntary activities covered 4 subscales [voluntary activities of support groups, skills groups, participation and also guidance groups].Correlation between these variables was identified. The results indicated, in view of respondents, there was a significant relationship between participation in voluntary activities with methods of attracting participation by using Qui square Test [p <0.05]. The methods of participation have a high impact on voluntary activities. Public participation in voluntary activities can be provided according to each group special conditions, cultural characteristics and facilities both individually and together as a group

effect of maternal selenium supplementation on pregnancy outcome and the level of oxidative stress in neonates

Pregnancy is regarded as a condition which is usually accompanied by oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of maternal selenium supplementation during gestation on the level of oxidative stress in neonates and the pregnancy outcome. In this double-blind trial, 179 primigravid pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive 100 micro g of selenium [Se group] or a placebo [control group] per day until delivery. The level of oxidative stress and serum selenium concentration was determined in the maternal and umblical cord sera of the subjects. Oxidative stress was measured by means of a novel assay of prooxidant-antioxidant balance [PAB]. The incidence of any pregnancy complications and outcomes was also evaluated in all neonates, being fully examined and followed up until 45 days. Although maternal selenium concentration was significantly higher in the Se group [p<0.001], there was no statistically significant differences in the umblical cord selenium content between the two groups. Selenium supplementation was not associated with any significant decrease in PAB values in the Se group. The incidence of neonatal complications and outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups. Maternal selenium supplementation during pregnancy was safe but was not associated with a significant change in the extent of oxidative stress in neonates

[ Effect of chick Embryonic Somites on Neural Rosette Formation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells]

The aim of the present study is to understand if EBs can generate neural rosette upon co-culture with chick embryo sornites. The mouse ES cells, line Royan Bi, were cultured in hanging drops to induce embryoid bodies [EBs] formation. Somites were isolated from the chick embryos and then embedded in alginate solution. Finally, alginate beads containing somites were co-cultured with EBs. RA was added to some EBs according to 2-12+12+ protocol Mean percentage of EBs containing early and late rosettes in somite, control and RA was 1456%, 2.6% and 0.0%, respectively and what is important to rosette formation in EBs was the preseice of neural inducing components as well as the time course of neural differentiation of EBs Chick embryonic somites can induce ES cells -derived EBs to generate rosttte structures with neuron formation capacity

[Effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate administration on postoperative acute pain followed by spinal anesthesia]

Magnesium is an inorganic ion. There are several products containing magnesium and it has a number of therapeutic properties. Magnesium-sulfate is a very common product and its usefulness has been proven in field of anesthesiology. This study looks at the effect of prescribing intravenous magnesium-sulfate on acute pain following orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities in patients anesthetized with spinal anesthesia method. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were selected and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Efforts were made to place both groups under the same method of anesthesia and other variable were kept constant to the best of our ability. One group received intravenous magnesium sulfate under a given protocol and the second one received the same volume of placebo, intravenously. To present the results Mean [ +/- SD] was used and the P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statisticaly significant. There was no difference between the 2 groups under basic variables. Pain reported by the first group who received magnesium sulfate was significantly less at the 1[st], 3[rd], 6[th], and 12[th] hours after the operation in comparison to the group who received placebo. At the 18[th] and 24[th] post-operation hours, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate following lower extremities orthopedic surgery would significantly reduce the pain in the first few hours after the operation

[ study of day three FSH and LH level on the quantity and quality of oocytes in infertile women candidates for ART cycle]

Gonadotropins are the main regulators of women menstrual cycles during which the process of ovulation occurs. Also, infertile women with high level of FSH are poor responders to ovulation during ART cycles and often do not get good results. This Study tends to evaluate the effects of day three FSH and LH level on the number and quality of fertilized oocytes in infertile women who were candidates for ART cycle. The findings of this study may help the physicians to have better prediction about their patients' responses to the treatment. This is an experimental meta-analysis on 59 women who referred to the infertility Center for ART treatment. On the third day of menstrual cycles, FSH and LH levels were measured using radioimmunoassay technique and their effects on the quality and quantity of oocytes as well as the pregnancy rate were evaluated. Then, having categorized the rate of FSH and LH into four groups, the data were examined, using SPSS, Version 16. After the treatment, the average levels of FSH and LH were measured as 9.01 +/- 7.8 and 7.56 +/- 7.27, respectively. The number of oocytes was found to be 10.29 +/- 7.88. It was also found that FSH level had meaningful relationship with pregnancy rate, oocytes number, oocytes number during Metaphase II, oocytes of quality A and fertilized oocytes. However, LH level had no meaningful effect on the results. In this study, it was found that as the FSH level increases, the number and quality of oocytes, fertilized oocytes and pregnancy rate increase. The best result can be seen in FSH=10-15 miu/ml. An increase in the level of LH also improved the effects where the best result can be seen in LH >/= 8. In other words, the maximum number of fertilized ooctyes with the quality of grade A and grade B and the least number of grade C quality were observed. Therefore, it can be concluded that day three FSH and LH level can predict the results of ART cycles

Investigating the molars and periodontium health in 7-11 years old children with congenital heart disease in Qazvin

Children with congenital heart diseases require special dental treatment and care compared to ordinary healthy patients. Therefore, awareness of such specific needs is essential for both the patients and their families. The aim of the present study was to investigate the health status of molar teeth and periodontium in children with congenital heart diseases and evaluating the awareness of parents about their children's specific dental care. A complete dental and oral examination was carried out on 32 children aged 7 to 11 with congenital heart disease followed by assessing the parent's awareness over their children's specific dental care using a questionnaire. From 108 permanent molars, 14.8% were with caries and 34.3% with enamel defect. Complete examination of 226 deciduous molars was also indicative of decay and enamel defect in 45.6% and 3.5%, respectively. Of all patients studied, 40.62% were found to have gingivitis and 18.7% with dental abscess. Regarding the parent's awareness, only 56% of children were revealed to have a previous history of visiting a dentist, and 68.7% of parents were aware of their children's specific needs for antibiotic prophylaxis. Considering the data obtained in our study, the children were found to have unfavorable dental conditions. Hence, such children require to be visited by a dentist on a regular basis and at the same time provided by necessary information on preventive dental care, treatment and oral hygiene

[Study of prescription intravenous magnesium sulfate solution on acutepost sergical pain in spinal anestesia]

Introduction: Magnesium is an inorganic ion. There are several products containing magnesium and it has a number of therapeutic properties. Magnesium-sulfate is a very common product and its usefulness has been proven in field of anesthesiology. This study looks at the effect of prescribing intravenous magnesiumsulfate on acute pain following orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities in patients anesthetized with spinal anesthesia method

Method and Materials: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 patients were selected and were randomly divided to 2 groups. Efforts were made to place both groups under the same method of anesthesia and other variable were kept constant to the best of our ability. One group received intravenous magnesium sulfate under a given protocol and the second group received the same volume of placebo intravenously. To present the results Mean [+/- SD] was used and the P value of less than 0.05 was accepted

Results: There was no difference between the 2 groups under basic variables. Pain reported by the first group who received magnesium sulfate was significantly less at the 1[st], 3[rd], 6[th], and 12[th] hours after the operation in comparison to the group who received placebo. At the 18[th] and 24[th] hour post operation, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups

Conclusion: Receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate following lower extremities orthopedic surgery significantly reduced pain in the first few hours after the surgery

Poliovirus environmental surveillance in sistan-balouchestan province, isolation and identification of viruses by cell culture and microneutralization, and intratypic differentiation by ELISA and probe hybridization

In some countries, wild polioviruses have been isolated from environment despite the absence of viruses being recovered from clinical cases, therefore to confirm of final Polio eradication, WHO has recommended environmental surveillance using sewage specimens and surface water. During the present study, in order to assure the polio eradication in Iran, Sistan-Balouchestan province was chosen as the target area. During a 12-month period, 86 specimens from 2 sewage disposal systems and 5 hospitals, as well as surface water from several rural areas were collected by Grab Sampling and tested for polioviruses using direct and concentrated specimens with 2 concentration methods: Pellet and Two-phase. Then the isolated viruses were serotyped by microneutralization method and differentiated intratypically by ELISA and probe hybridization techniques. Of all studied specimens, 18 [20.9%] were identified as poliovirus, none of which were wild virus, fortunately. Among these, 2 [2.3%], 8 [9.3%] and 13 [15.1%] were isolated from direct specimens, Pellet and Two-phase concentrated specimens, respectively. The most frequent viruses were Polio 2 [72.2%] and Polio 3 [27.8%]. Results have revealed the efficacy of immunization coverage in Iran. Meanwhile, sufficient surveillance programs have been observed during the recent years

Comparison between Acetaminophen Suppository and Caudal Anesthesia in Relieving Pain after Pediatric Surgery

Our aim was to provide a simple, non-invasive, low cost, and practical method to be used by nurses and technicians in a low hazardous, safe, and painlessness anesthesia. In a prospective blind clinical trial 40 children between 4 and 6 months who were candidated for subumbilical elective surgeries were recruited. They were randomly divided into two groups. Bupivacain 0.25% was prescribed in the control group according to Armitage formula [0.5-1 ml/kg]; while, supp. Acetaminophen was administered in the subject group by a dosage of 30-40 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant difference in the pain score of the two groups within 2 hours postoperatively, but higher pain score was reported in subject group during the third and forth hours. Caudal anesthesia with bupivacaine has better painless period postoperatively

Standardization and comparison of Dot-ELISA with IFA test for diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis

Dot-ELISA assay is a solid phase diagnostic method for detection of antigen or antibody that is used widely for diagnosis of protozoan and metazoan diseases of human and animals. To evaluate this method in diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis, the test was standardized, using golden positive and negative serum samples. Then 215 human serum samples were evaluated for IgG and IgM against Toxoplasma gondii by Indirect Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody [IFA] and Dot-ELISA. Using statistic program, Epi info 6.0 showed these testes have a good agreement in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis with Kappa = 0.8607 for lgG and Kappa = 0.8865 for IgM antibodies [P<0.05]. This study and the works carried out by the other scientists indicate that the Dot-ELISA test is rapid, simple, cost effective, does not need expensive equipment and has a good sensitivity and specificity. But, as the results are expressed qualitatively, therefore, it is not possible to use for antibody titer determination. Yet, it is quite useful for screening test especially in the field and where there are no well-equipped laboratories

[Attitude of key academic persons about integration of medical education into health services]

Background: The idea of integration of medical education into health care system with the goal of comprehensive self sufficiency and complete response to public health needs were initiated in 1985. There were many prose and cones in this procedure which raised many controversies. The dilemma about strengths and weaknesses increased in 2002 during which Iran parliament tried to change the situation. In this study we tried to conclude and exit the dilemma

Materials and Methods: We studied the attitude of key academic person regarding the integration. In a cross-sectional study using a pretested questionnaire, we assessed the attitude of 556 academic staffs and managers from eight randomly selected medical universities

Results: Most of respondents agreed the positive out come of integration like establishment of disease surveillance and improving in health indicators, but they believed that the quality of medical education has decreased. Most of respondents suppose that dissociation of medical education may cause a lot of problems

Conclusion: There are a lot of controversies regarding the strengths and weaknesses of integration. External factors were causes of decreasing the quality of education so it is important to decide about the future by considering external factors